Technology Overview
From the filed record to a figure you can defend.
Filed for compliance. Curated for analysis.
1The Fiscal Calendar
Fiscal calendars built from the filings.
One calendar per company, through floating year-ends, 53-week years, uneven quarters, leap years and a change of year-end.
Fiscal calendar construction.
A calendar for a company is built from the period ends its annual and quarterly reports declare, and a figure takes its place in that calendar by the dates it covers. The calendar holds through a mislabeled year, a 53-week year and a year-end that floats to the nearest Saturday.
Fiscal calendar change detection.
A new calendar opens at a transition report or a break in the dating, a change of phase seen only in quarter labels waits for an annual report to confirm it, and a renumbering of the years takes two consecutive filings. The quarterly history stays in order across the change.
Worked example: Costco.
Costco reports in four-week periods, so the quarters run 12, 12, 12 and 16 weeks, and the year ends on the Sunday nearest the end of August, anywhere from August 28 to September 3. Fiscal 2023 ran 53 weeks, which made the fourth quarter 17 weeks long. In the company-facts data from the SEC, the next two 10-Ks stamp fiscal years 2024 and 2025 on the revenue for fiscal 2023. Insider Desk places each figure by the dates it covers and derives the 17-week quarter. Total revenue of $242,290 million for the year, less $163,351 million for the first 36 weeks, gives $78,939 million, net sales and membership fees together.
Worked example: Under Armour.
Under Armour changed fiscal calendars in 2022. Fiscal 2021 ended December 31, 2021, a transition report on Form 10-QT covered January 1 to March 31, 2022, with revenue of $1,301 million, and fiscal 2023 began April 1, 2022. There is no fiscal 2022, yet the company-facts data from the SEC labels the transition quarter fiscal 2022 Q1. Insider Desk recognizes the transition period by its dates and keeps it out of both fiscal years. On the chart axis it stands as a quarter of its own, marked 10-QT between fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2023.
2The Concept Catalog
From line items to core concepts.
Automated accounting concept curation.
Element-to-line mapping.
One line item reaches the filings under several elements, and one element carries different line items at different companies. The catalog is curated by hand. Each element is mapped onto a concept with the definitions in the XBRL taxonomy as evidence, and graded unambiguous, defensible or broad by how closely the definition names the line item. What the definition leaves open is decided at runtime from the filing. A line takes the closest element the filing reports, and a broad element supplies a figure only where no closer one does. For research and development and for cost of sales, where two elements for the line disagree, the statement the company presented each on decides, or the figure is withheld. The Data Quality view shows the grade of the element behind a figure.
Total reconstruction.
Where a company reports the parts of a line item and not the total, the total is rebuilt from those figures and marked as rebuilt. A total is rebuilt only where the reported parts determine it.
Business-model classification.
A company is classified by its industry code. The modeling is configured for the type of business, with separate models for banks, insurers and REITs. Where the code does not name the business, a bank or a REIT is recognized from elements only banks and REITs file.
Worked example: Apple and Microsoft.
Some companies tag a total expense and its parts in the same filing, and others tag only the parts. For fiscal 2025, Apple tagged selling, general and administrative expense at $27,601 million beside its two parts, selling and marketing at $19,524 million and general and administrative at $8,077 million. Microsoft tagged only the parts, $25,654 million and $7,223 million. Summing every expense element counts Apple twice, and reading only the total finds nothing at Microsoft. Insider Desk follows the taxonomy, where the total is the parent of its parts. It reads the total where a company files it and adds the parts it files where it does not, giving $27,601 million for Apple and $32,877 million for Microsoft, marked as derived.
Worked example: Johnson & Johnson.
In fiscal 2025 J&J tagged $109 million as Research, a non-cash add-back in operating cash flow. The R&D line on the income statement, $14,665 million, carries Research. Insider Desk reads the linkbase and shows R&D at $14.7 billion.
3Vintaging
Growth rates on one basis.
Restatement conflict resolution across discontinued operations, spin-offs, mergers, new accounting standards and corrected errors.
Restatement tracking.
The app keeps the figure each filing reported for a period on your device and dates where a later filing changed it.
Basis detection.
A growth rate compares two figures on one basis. Where a later filing re-reports the year and its quarters together, the latest figures stand on one basis. A change of basis is detected where a later filing moves a year and not the nine months within it, and a growth rate that would cross the change waits out the recast.
Quarter derivation.
The fourth quarter and the quarterly cash flow appear on the chart where no filing reports them as a quarter. The fourth quarter is the year less the nine months before it, on one basis, and a quarter of cash flow is the difference of two year-to-date totals. A derived figure is marked as derived.
Worked example: 3M.
3M reported fiscal 2022 revenue of $34,229 million in its 10-K of February 2023. After the Solventum spin-off, its 10-K of February 2025 restated the year at $26,161 million and declared the $8,068 million that left. The two sum to $34,229 million exactly. The nine months stood at $26,150 million as first reported. Insider Desk takes the fourth quarter from the year on the same basis as the nine months, $8,079 million, the figure 3M reported for the quarter in its January 2023 earnings release. On the revenue growth chart, the five comparisons that would cross the recast, from the fourth quarter of 2022 through 2023, are withheld, and the bars resume in 2024.
Worked example: L3Harris.
The L3Harris 10-K of February 2026 (0000202058-26-000015) tags the fiscal 2024 revenue of $21,325 million on the dates of the fourth quarter as well as on the year. Read by those dates, it is a fourth quarter four times the size of the quarters around it. The figure equals the year, so it is not the quarter. The quarter is the year less the nine months the 10-Qs report, $5,523 million. For fiscal 2025 the same filing prints revenue of $21,865 million on the dates of the fourth quarter and none on the year, so there is no year to subtract from, and both the year and the quarter are withheld. On the revenue growth chart the quarter reads +3.4% against the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, and the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025 is a gap.
4The Data Quality Grade
Concepts fixed by accounting principles, figures graded for fidelity.
Reliability grading across tag fit, rebuilt totals, rounding and statement tie-out.
Precision inference.
The company-facts feed drops the precision a filing states, so the rounding of a figure is read from its trailing zeros. That rounding enters each identity the audit checks.
Statement arithmetic audit.
The audit checks the subtotals of a statement against their parts. It measures each gap against the combined rounding of those figures.
Numerical conditioning.
Each model is analyzed to map the critical points where error is amplified. At a critical point the calculation changes method, or the figure is withheld.
Framework-grounded metrics.
The financial metrics are held to the qualitative characteristics of useful financial information, in the framework of the accounting standard setters. A metric shows where each figure the definition requires is reported, or rebuilt from reported parts and marked.
5Income Statement Analysis
Adaptive income statement ratings, calibrated by autocorrelation.
Rating thresholds set per company from its quarters, by the quarterly earnings model of Brown and Rozeff.
Adaptive flat range.
The quarterly earnings model by Brown and Rozeff is fitted to the year-over-year changes in revenue and net income of the company. The change in net income is read against the larger of prior revenue and the magnitude of prior net income. The fit at each quarter reads only the quarters before it. The flat range is a band around zero, its half-width the median size of the forecast errors.
Growth-Profit Rating.
Revenue and net income are compared with the same quarter a year earlier, and the direction of each against the flat range names one of nine ratings for a company in profit, from Profitable Growth to Broad Decline, and one of nine for a company with a loss, from Loss Narrowing to Broad Deterioration. Where the history is too short to fit the model, the rating sheet says so and names where the history begins.
Worked example: Walmart.
For Walmart, a 6% rise in revenue counts as up, and a 9% fall in net income counts as flat. In the quarter ended July 31, 2026, total revenues rose 5.9% from a year earlier, to $187,937 million, net sales plus membership and other income, against a flat range of −1.0% to +1.0% calculated from the Walmart history. Net income fell 9.4%, or $660 million, inside a flat range of $1.7 billion either way, and the rating for the quarter is Top-Line Growth. For fiscal 2026, net income rose 12.6%, and the $2.5 billion rise also counts as flat, inside a flat range of $3.7 billion.
6The Form 4 Ledger
Form 4 filings collated, categorized and indexed.
A trade counted once through its amendments, dollars totaled by instrument and transaction code, and the index of accepted filings kept on your device as EDGAR rolls them off.
Master filing index.
A total over a window counts the filings the index holds for it, including those EDGAR has rolled past its recent listing. The record lists about the latest thousand filings of a company across all forms, and a Form 4 that rolls off it stays in the index on your device. A day the record covered in full on a visit stays covered in the index, and the paginated listings behind the record supply the days before.
Dollar valuation.
Dollar totals count the purchases, sales, dispositions and tenders of stock, at shares times price. An award, a gift, a tax withholding, an exercise or a conversion enters the totals as units, with no dollar value, and an option grant is shown with a modeled value of the award, computed on the device, that enters no total.
10b5-1 marking.
Trades under a 10b5-1 plan are marked. The Rule 10b5-1 box on a Form 4 or 4/A marks the trades of the filing where it is checked. A filing on the form from before April 2023 has no box, so the trades on it carry no mark either way.
Amendment matching.
A Form 4/A corrects lines of the original filing. A corrected line that keeps the transaction code and direction is matched to the original by the fields both filings state. A 4/A that splits a line into several stands beside the original. The trade shows once, with a 4/A label, and the totals count the corrected figures.
Insider Index.
Recent insider trading is scored against the history of insider trading at the company, by dollar volume, how many insiders took part and how often they traded. Direction comes from the balance of buying and selling. One number from −100 to 100 shows whether trading stands out for this company. The card states what the tests found, including when the history is too thin to measure.
Worked example: Broadcom.
A Form 4 filed in September 2025 (0001730168-25-000102) reported a sale of 148,154 shares at $336.67, or $49,879,007. Its Form 4/A (0001730168-25-000104) corrected the shares to 148,514, or $50,000,208. Insider Desk shows one sale at $50,000,208, with a 4/A label beside the Form 4 link, and counts the trade once.
7The Verification Chain
Figures traced to the filing, models proved by machine.
Filings direct from EDGAR, core models proved in Lean, every calculation on your device.
Figure provenance.
The financial figures come from the SEC company-facts feed, which carries whole-entity facts in the standard taxonomy and no dimensioned or custom facts. The Form 4 trades come from the filing documents. Each trade opens its Form 4 on SEC EDGAR. A restated figure comes from a later filing, and a derived figure from several. Insider Desk records the filings behind a figure, and the income statement explainer lists them with form, period, accession and filed date, and the lines each supplied.
Staged pipeline.
Each stage between the filings and the screen can make a figure less certain. Figures are computed on the highest-grade evidence at each stage. Where the evidence degrades or the precision falls below the threshold of a stage, the figure is withheld and the screen does not show it.
Formal verification.
The core mathematical models are stated in Lean, the key properties are proved by machine, and the app is tested against the models. The tests cover the fiscal calendar on a 58-company panel, the cost engine and the rating on the output of the Lean models, and the trade-list status on every valid input. The proofs cover the models, and the financials carry a grade.
Defensible analysis starts with verification.
Built with
Written in Swift™, with IEEE 754 arithmetic and strict numeric types, built natively for iPhone.
Core mathematics proved in Lean, checked by machine.
Swift and the Swift logo are trademarks of Apple Inc. Lean and the Lean logo are trademarks of Lean FRO, LLC.